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Oncology

MD/Alert •

Pembrolizumab Increases Response Rates but Not Survival in Resectable Locally Advanced G/GEJ Adenocarcinoma

Perioperative pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy increased pathologic complete response (pathCR) rates in resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma, but did not achieve statistically significant improvements in event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at final analysis of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-585 trial, results of which were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Medical News Today •

The role of Fusobacterium colorectal cancer

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a bacterium that usually lives in the mouth. However, it can migrate to the colon, where it fuels the growth and progression of Fusobacterium colorectal cancer. The presence of specific bacteria within colon tumors appears to affect cancer biology, influencing how tumors develop, grow, and respond to treatment. The discovery has opened new avenues for understanding why some colon cancers behave more aggressively than others.
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Carcinoma of unknown primary: Treatment and survival

Carcinomas are cancers that start in epithelial cells, which line organs, skin, and blood vessels. Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) means doctors can detect this cancer, but they cannot identify where it began. Doctors make a diagnosis of CUP when cancer has already spread to other parts of the body. It is a challenging condition to treat, and receiving the diagnosis can be hard on people and their loved ones.
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Everything to know about thyroid cancer surgery

Thyroid cancer surgery involves removing part or all of the thyroid gland to treat cancerous growths. It is the primary treatment for most thyroid cancers. Thyroid cancer develops when cells in the thyroid gland grow abnormally and form tumors. These cancers range from slow-growing, highly curable varieties to rare, aggressive forms. Treatment almost always involves surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland, with the specific approach determined by cancer type, size, and location.
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Postmenopausal breast cancer: Risk, symptoms, and more

Postmenopausal breast cancer occurs at higher rates due to cumulative hormone exposure and age-related cellular changes that increase cancer risk. Breast cancer develops when cells in breast tissue begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming tumors that can spread to other parts of the body. The risk of breast cancer increases significantly with age, particularly after menopause, when hormonal and cellular changes create an environment more conducive to cancer development.
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Thyroid cancer and the lungs: Symptoms and outlook

Although thyroid cancer first develops in the thyroid gland in the neck, it can spread (metastasize) to the lungs and other areas. Thyroid cancer can develop when atypical cells develop in the thyroid gland. This butterfly-shaped organ at the base of the neck produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and other vital functions. While many cases of thyroid cancer are treatable and localized, some can spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs. T
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Treatment for Ewing sarcoma: Goals and overview

Ewing sarcoma treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants. This rare and aggressive cancer typically develops in the bones or the soft tissues surrounding them, such as cartilage or nerves. It primarily affects children, adolescents, and young adults. Treating Ewing sarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves various medical specialties, including oncology, surgery, and radiation therapy.
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Is adenoid cystic carcinoma curable? What to know

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is curable with early treatment. However, because it grows slowly, it can take time to diagnose. The slow growth can mask its severity.

ACC is a rare and complex cancer. It primarily affects the salivary glands but can also develop in the respiratory tract, breast, skin, and other areas.ACC tends to grow slowly but persistently, often spreading along nerve pathways and infiltrating nearby tissues. Additionally, the disease has a high risk of recurrence and spreading...
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Chemotherapy and infertility: What to know

Certain chemotherapy regimens can lead to temporary or permanent infertility. Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, renowned for its ability to eliminate cancer cells. However, the potent drugs involved in chemotherapy do not discriminate between cancerous cells and other rapidly dividing cells in the body, including those in the ovaries and testes. As a result, chemotherapy can significantly affect fertility and may lead to temporary or permanent infertility.
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How fast does melanoma spread, and how dangerous is it?

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can spread rapidly to other areas. However, there are also slow-growing types that may develop over many years. Melanoma is not as common as other types of skin cancer. However, unlike other skin cancers, melanoma has a high risk of spreading to other areas, which makes it the most dangerous type. The earlier doctors diagnose and treat a person’s melanoma, the better their outlook. Treatment can stop melanoma from progressing.
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Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC)

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a rare condition causing the growth of benign skin tumors and increasing the risk of a specific kidney cancer.HLRCC is an inherited condition. People with HLRCC develop multiple harmless skin tumors called leiomyomas, which can also develop in the uterus as fibroids. These individuals also have an increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a serious and aggressive type of kidney cancer.
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Choroid plexus tumor: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

Choroid plexus tumors are growths in the area of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They may be cancerous or noncancerous. Choroid plexus tumors are rare. They develop in the choroid plexus, a network of cells lining the brain’s ventricles. Tumors in this area can disrupt the flow and production of CSF, leading to various neurological symptoms. Although these tumors can affect individuals of all ages, the benign type most commonly develops during childhood.
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Prostate cancer surgery vs radiation: Benefits and risks

For prostate cancer that has not spread, surgery and radiation therapy have similar success rates. When choosing between the two, doctors may consider the cancer type and stage as well as a person’s overall health and preferences. Surgery involves removing the prostate gland, while radiation therapy uses high-energy waves to destroy prostate cancer cells. Doctors may use one of these treatments alone or use the two treatments together.
med •

Oligodendroglioma: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

Oligodendroglioma is a rare type of slow-growing tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. Treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Oligodendroglioma may arise in cells in the brain known as oligodendrocytes. These cells produce the protective sheath that surrounds nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Though uncommon, oligodendrogliomas can significantly affect a person’s neurological function and overall health.
med •

Do pituitary tumors affect the optic nerves?

Pituitary tumors can compress the optic nerve, leading to visual symptoms. Pituitary tumors are mostly benign (noncancerous), but due to their location, they can have significant effects on surrounding structures within the brain and produce excess hormones. The optic nerve is responsible for vision. It is above the pituitary gland, and a pituitary tumor can place pressure on the nerve, leading to visual disturbances or loss of vision.
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Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin's lymphoma: Signs, treatment, and more

Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LRHL) is a subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a cancer affecting the lymphatic system. This crucial part of the body’s immune system helps maintain health and protect against disease. HL causes B-lymphocytes to multiply abnormally. As a result, these white blood cells collect in the lymph nodes, causing them to swell.
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Understanding mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma

Mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s lymphoma (MCHL) is a subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a cancer originating in the lymphatic system. Hodgkin’s lymphoma includes the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, an atypical cell that does not occur in other forms of lymphoma. Doctors further subdivide it into subtypes, including MCHL. In MCHL, the affected lymph nodes contain a mixture of atypical cancer cells and various other cell types, hence “mixed cellularity.”
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Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's lymphoma: Symptoms, causes, and more

Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma (LDHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon cancer of the lymphatic system. This network of vessels and glands is part of the body’s immune system. In HL, B lymphocytes, an infection-fighting white blood cell, multiply atypically and collect in the lymph nodes. Because the cells do not work as they should, a person is more vulnerable to infection.
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HPV-positive cancer: Symptoms, treatment, and more

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancers occur due to the HPV. These diseases include cervical, throat, anal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. HPV-positive cancers stem from infection with HPV, which encompasses a group of related viruses. Medical professionals identify certain HPV strains as high risk because they significantly increase the risk of cervical, oropharyngeal (throat), anal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers.
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Medulloblastoma: Subtypes, symptoms, treatment, and more

Medulloblastoma is a brain tumor predominantly affecting children. It is aggressive and challenging to treat, but outcomes are often optimistic. Medulloblastoma is a central nervous system tumor. It originates in the cerebellum, which is at the lower back part of the brain. The cerebellum is crucial for motor control. The challenge with medulloblastoma lies in its aggressive growth and potential to metastasize, or spread, to the spinal cord.
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